Burton arrives at The Britannia Stadium in time to make his Potters debut against Second Division table-toppers Reading this weekend.
The 25-year-old has struggled to nail down a regular place in The Rams' starting line-up this season and has not scored since September.
New Derby boss John Gregory clearly feels the Jamaican international will benefit from regular action, and the return from injury of Branko Strupar has seen Burton slip further down the pecking order.
His temporary move to Stoke will benefit both parties, as director of football John Rudge was delighted with the acquisition.
"He is a quality striker with Premiership experience and Derby still rate him at £1.5 million," Rudge told the club's official website.
"We are delighted to have got him and there is no doubt he is going to be a major boost to our squad.
"He has not been getting regular first team football at Derby and this is his chance to put himself in the shop window while helping our cause."
Rudge also confirmed that Stoke are eager to inject more fresh blood into their squad before the weekend, despite failing to entice Paul Trollope from Fulham.
"We are still looking at two or three other players as well and we are trying to bring in at least one more before the weekend, but at the moment, that deal is in the melting pot."
